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On many
old buildings, we encounter annual details that are written in numbers not
at all similar to our Arabic numerals: roman numerals, named after the
ancient Romans that used to use these numbers.
Numerals:
|
Roman numeral |
I |
V |
X |
L |
C |
D |
M |
|
Number value |
1 |
5 |
10 |
50 |
100 |
500 |
1000 |
System:
Since
numbers like 18 didn’t have symbols of their own, several symbols were put
together to make the right result, where as the biggest symbols where on the
left side and the smallest on the right:
Hence: 18
= XVIII
Because
XVIII equals 10+5+1+1+1 is 18.
To write
a number like 9, the Romans had to write VIIII. But because this is much too
long winded, they just said: 9 is the same thing as 10-1.
The
smaller number is written in front of the bigger one to indicate to the
“minus”.
That
means: 9, is the same as 10-1 and it is written IX.
This way,
only two signs were needed instead of five.
Important: the Romans only did this procedure
with numbers like 4 (VI), 9 (IX), 14 (XIV), 19 (XIX) and so on. For the
number 8 they wrote normally again: VIII.
To write
a complicated number like 1928, you just have to combine the symbols
following certain rules:
That means:
|
M |
C |
M |
X |
X |
V |
I |
I |
I |
MCMXXVIII |
|
1000 |
-100 |
+1000 |
+10 |
+10 |
+5 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
1928 |
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